3. While it may not always be possible to prevent stress, there are a number of ways in which it can be controlled. The first thing that the trainees learn is how to manage their time effectively. This involves, first of all, setting realistic goals for both the short and long term. Once this framework has been established, tasks are then prioritised on a daily basis. The trainees are also reminded that when they are under pressure the less important items should be left, and they should never hesitate to delegate. Everyone is encouraged to look at ways of reducing ‘wasted time ’, for example by grouping similar tasks together or dealing with items immedkiately.

　　4. Jane feels that one of the most useful features of the course is that it enables trainees to deal with those demands or deadlines that they regard as unreasonable. They are encouraged to avoid being defensive, but at the same time they are advised not to be afraid of saying ‘no’. They are asked to give reasons only if necessary. The training helps them to foresee difficult situations or unwanted demands, and they learn how to prepare themselves mentally. Everyone is encouraged not to get stuck in negative thought patterns, where stress can feed a circular sense of helplessness. One solution they discuss is to think of a more encouraging alternative for each negative message. They learn, for example, to remind themselves that nothing terrible happens when a demand is refused or a deadline missed. Life goes on.

　　Questions 13-16

　　For questions 13-16, choose the best title for each numbered paragraph from the list below.

　　For each numbered paragraph 1-4, mark one letter (A-G) on your Answer Sheet.

　　Do not use any letter more than once.

　　A Higher stress levels among top managers

　　B Coping with stress through a positive attitude

　　C Time lost at work through sickness

　　D Causes of increased stress in the work environment

　　E Explanations for missed deadlines

　　F stress reduction through better organisation

　　G Typical problems associated with stress

　　13 Paragraph 1

　　14 Paragraph 2

　　15 Paragraph 3

　　16 Paragraph 4

　　Questions 17—20

　　Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 17-20 with a phrase A-G from the list below.

　　For each question 17-20, mark one letter (A-G) on your Answer Sheet.